A mass budget estimate shows that snow on sea ice contains even at low salinity ( <0.1 psu) more than enough sea salt to account for observed increases in atmospheric SSA during storms if released by sublimation.

A temporally very close association of snow and aerosol particle dynamics together with the long distance to the nearest open ocean further supports SSA originating from a local source. >90 % during the 8 June to 12 August 2013 period. Similar depletion in bulk aerosol sized ∼0.3–6 µm above sea ice provided the evidence that most sea salt originated from snow on sea ice and not the open ocean or leads, e.g.

For the first time it is shown that snow on sea ice is depleted in sulfate relative to sodium with respect to seawater. Blowing or drifting snow often leads to increases in SSA during and after storms. He had such a wealth of knowledge and great stories of his time in politics, and he always imparted his wisdom with the trademark good humor he was known for.Two consecutive cruises in the Weddell Sea, Antarctica, in winter 2013 provided the first direct observations of sea salt aerosol (SSA) production from blowing snow above sea ice, thereby validating a model hypothesis to account for winter time SSA maxima in the Antarctic. I’m grateful I was able to get to know and spend time with Doug over the last several months. His 30 years of leadership in the legislature made the Northland and the Iron Range a better place to live. With Senator Doug Johnson’s passing, our region has lost another giant. Grant Hauschild, who is running as a Democrat to replace Senator Bakk, tweeted out, “It’s a somber day in the Northland. Rest in peace my friend, you will be missed by many.” Rob Ecklund tweeted out, “Doug Johnson was a powerful and influential voice for Northern Minnesota. There’s a fund named for him at Iron Range Resources. He held Senate District 6, before Senator Tom Bakk.Īccording to the Minnesota Legislative resources, he was first elected in 1970, and was a high school guidance counselor at the time. He served as a representative first, before moving on to the senate, serving until 2002.

A longtime political powerhouse for the DFL and the Iron Range has died.ĭoug Johnson served in both houses of the Minnesota legislature.

Ocean Snow by Doug Johnson